2020 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.
__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.
You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.
__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.
If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.
Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.
1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky
2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident
3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually
4. A amuse B assist C describe D train
5. A while B because C unless D once
6. A answer B task C choice D access
7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical
8. A move B drag C push D send
9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable
10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague
11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up
12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise
13. A like B miss C believe D regret
14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect
15. A time B bond C race D cool
16. A nature B secret C importance D context
17. A cheatedB defeatedC confusedD confronted
18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong
19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising
20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text1
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.
They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial 一 for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.
During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side
Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.
Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.
The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. “We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.
The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________
[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats [B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
[C] attain sociable traits through special training [D] send out warning messages to their fellow
22. What did the social robot do during the experiment?
[A] It followed the social robot. [B]It played with some toys.
[C] It set the trapped rats free. [D]It moved around alone.
23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________
[A] tried to practice a means of escape
[B] expected it to do the same in return
[C] wanted to display their intelligence
[D]considered that an interesting game
24. James Wiles notes that rats________
[A]can remember other rat's facial features
[B] differentiate smells better than sizes
[C] respond more to cations than to looks [D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels
25. It can be learned from the text that rats________
[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
[B] are more socially active than other animals
[C] behave differently from children in socializing [D]are more sensitive to social cues than expected
Text 2
It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.
The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEO’s really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.
Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company" CEO must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slip-up can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEO’s still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.
The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”
Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.
26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
[A] The growth in the number of corporations
[B] The general pay rise with a better economy
[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms
[D] Close cooperation among leading economies
27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEO’s are required to______
[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork
[B] finance more research and development
[C] establish closer ties with tech companies [D] operate more globalized companies
28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite______
[A] continual internal opposition
[B] strict corporate governance
[C] conservative business strategies
[D] Repeated government warnings
29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______
[A] confirm the status of CEO's [B] motivate inside candidates
[C] boost the efficiency of CEO's
[D] increase corporate value
30. The most suitable title for this text would be______
[A] CEO's Are Not Overpaid
[B] CEO Pay:Past and Present
[C] CEO's challenges of Today
[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define
Text 3
Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.
Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -A Imelda made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.
Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers 一 who must pay fees or buy better vehicles
一 rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution. It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low
emission zone (Boulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadie Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.
It's not that measures such as London's Boulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.
But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments 一 Britain s and others across Europe - have failed to do so.
Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centers, 。school streets", even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimize pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.
31. Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone? [A] Its effects are questionable
[B]It has been opposed by a judge [C] It needs tougher enforcement [D] Its fate is yet to be decided
32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air? [A] They are biased against car manufacturers.
[B] They prove impractical for city councils.
[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.
D] They put too much burden on individual motorists.
33. The author believes that the extension of London's Boulez will .
[A] arouse strong resistance.
[B] ensure Khan's electoral success.
[C] improve the city s traffic.
[D] discourage car manufacturing.
34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem? [A] Local residents
[B] Mayors.
[C] Councilors.
[D] National governments.
35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies. [A] will raise low-emission car production
[B] should be forced to follow regulations
[C] will upgrade the design of their vehicles [D] should be put under public supervision
Text 4
Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was boom after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen-Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.
If"entitled"is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millenniums (those boom between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren,'t interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.
One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.
36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____. [A] are recognized for their abilities
[B] are in favor of job offers
[C] are optimistic about the labor market [D]are drawing growing public attention
37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.
[A] what a tough economic situation is like
[B] what their parents expect of them
[C] how they differ from past generations
[D] I how valuable a counselors advice is
38. The word"assuage"(line 9, para 2)is closet in meaning to_____.
[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] deepen
39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.
[A] care little about their job performance
[B] give top priority to professional training [C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance
[D] have a clear idea about their future job
40. Michelson thinks that compared with millenniums, Generation Zs are_____.
[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generous
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A]Give compliments, just not too many.
[B] Put on a good face, always.
[C] Tailor your interactions.
[D] Spend time with everyone.
[E] Reveal, don' t hide, information.
[F] Slow down and listen.
[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.
Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office
Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side
41.____
If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.
42._____
Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.
43._____
It's common to have a“cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to glow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.
44._____
Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.
45.______
This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.
Section III Translation
It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.
We can choose to see failure as"the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Directions: Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of
international students. write an email to
1) tell them about the site, and
2) give them some tips for the tour Please write your answer on the ANSWER
SHEET
Do not use your own name, use "Li Ming"instead(10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【答案】D tricky
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。空格句开头为 but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。tricky 意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。
2.【答案】B for example
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。所以用表示举例分析的 for example 最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。
3.【答案】A Fortunately
【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。故选 Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。
4.【答案】C describe
【解析】 此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe 与 define 相呼应，故选 C 符合句意。
5.【答案】A while
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这并不容易。逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中 while 表转折，选 A 符合句意。
6.【答案】B task
【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这不是个容易的差事/任务。task 意为任务，其余选项答案，选择，途径/权限都不合适，故选 B 符合句意。
7.【答案】A tolerant
【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。空格所在句指出有时父母会很累很沮丧，这时候对待孩子就很难沉着冷静(composed)和包容。tolerant 意为包容的，故选 A 符合句意。
8.【答案】C push
【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有时候孩子会把你逼的很紧。push 为催促/紧逼，此处 move(移动，使感动)，drag(拖拽)，send(发送)均不符合句意，故选 C。
9.【答案】D inevitable
【解析】此处考察形容词词意辨析+上下文语境。空格前一句指出：有时候孩子会把你逼的很紧。空格后一句指出你会失去耐心，对孩子大吼大叫。那么这是孩子把你逼的很紧的必然结果，inevitable 为无法避免的/必然的，故选 D 符合句意。
10.【答案】C harsh
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会失去耐心并对孩子大吼大叫，而且有时候会说一些很伤人/刻薄的话，对每个人都没好处。根据上下文，something 后面的形容词一定是贬义的，harsh 为刺耳的/严格的，故选 C。
11.【答案】A turn back
【解析】此处考察动词搭配+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会希望时间倒流，一切重新再来。 turn back 为(使)往回走，take apart 为拆开/拆解，set aside 为把....放一旁/不理会，cover up
为盖起来，均不符合句意，故选 A。
12.【答案】C however
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格句指出：然而，即使是这是很普遍的现象，我们还是要牢记，哪怕只是一点点的疲惫，都会让你对孩子说一些你会后悔很久的话。上一段描述
了一般情况下父母是如何对孩子失去耐心，并且这很普遍(We've all been there/it's common)，空格句对比上一段发生了转折，故选 C。
13.【答案】D regret
【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。上一段描述了父母如何对孩子失去耐心，然后又希望时间倒流一切重新再来，那么疲惫时对孩子说的话一定是会让你后悔(regret)的，其他选项喜欢，错过，相信均不符合上下文，故选 D。
14.【答案】B affect
【解析】考察动宾搭配。结合原文语境，“这也许不仅会伤害你和孩子之间的关系，而且会...你的孩子的自尊”所以这里填上一个动词接后面的宾语自尊心，所以答案只能是 affect,“影响自尊心”。而 raise 提高，养育;justify 证明合理性;reflect 影响，均不能合理搭配。
15.【答案】D cool
【解析】本题考察动宾搭配，也是主题复现，cool 有“冷静之意。“如果你总是对你的孩子失去...,”本文一直在探讨的主题就是对孩子要有耐心，因此符合题意的只能是 cool, 而 time 时间，bond 结合，纽带，race 比赛，种族都不符合这里的语境。
16.【答案】C importance
【解析】本题考察名词的修饰关系，A of B 的结构中填名词 A，主要参照后面 of 结构对它的修饰作用。Of 结构在这里表示“建立对孩子宽容和耐心的...”联系前面说”我们越来越
重视...”因此符合题意的应该是 importance“重要性”nature，自然、天性;secret 秘密，context环境。
17.【答案】D confronted
【解析】本题考查动宾搭配，根据本题语境，“事实上，在....压力时情绪调节或维持情绪控
制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一项”，压力前面应该搭配“面对”故选择 confronted 其他的 cheated 欺骗，defeated 打败，confused 困惑均不符合。
18.【答案】B hard
【解析】此处考察表语形容词。主要参照跟前面的 incredible 加起来表示“不可避免的...一直对孩子保持耐心”可以先看选项 terrible 糟糕的，strange 奇怪的，wrong 错误的，这三个都不能放在此处形成合理搭配，所以 hard 更合适。
19.【答案】A trying
【解析】本题考察修饰关系。根据原文语境“一个更实际的目标是去尝试，尽你最大的能力，当你面对涉及孩子的...情况时，尽可能地宽容和冷静” 需要父母宽容和冷静的应该是不太好的情况，答案 trying 做形容词表示“令人厌烦的”最合适。changing 变化，exciting 激动人心的 surprising 令人惊讶的，均不能体现这里的含义。
20.【答案】B emerge
【解析】考察动宾搭配，这里的句义是“朝着这个目标努力的结果是，你和你的孩子将受益并从很有压力的这些时候...，在身体和情感上感觉更好”。只有“浮现，出现”最符合，所以选择 emerge， 而 hide 隐藏，withdraw 撤退，escape 逃避均为负面含义，故不符合。
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21. 【答案】A pick up social signals from non-living rats
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Quinn and her colleagues 和 a test 定位到第一段第二句。To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 为了查明这是否延伸到了非生物，Quinn 和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机器老鼠身上探测到社会信号。正确答案 A 是原文的同义替换。选项 B 的 distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one 区分友好的老鼠和敌对的老鼠，并未提及，是常识性干扰。选项 C 的 attain sociable traits through special training 通过特殊训练获得社交品质，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。选项 D 的 send out warning messages to their fellow 向它们的同伴发出警告信息，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。
22.【答案】D It moved around alone.
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 the asocial robot 和 experiment 定位到第三段最后一句 Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.同时，不具有社交能力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移动。正确答案 D It moved around alone.是原文的同义替换。选项 A 的 It followed the social robot.它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠，与原文 the social robot rat followed the living rats around 不符，原文说的是具备社交能力的老鼠跟随真老鼠，属于张冠李戴。选项 B 的 It played with some toys.它玩一些玩具，与原文符，原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠玩同样的玩具，属于张冠李戴。选项 C的 It set the trapped rats free.它释放了被困的老鼠也与原文内容不符，原文说的同样是具备社交能力的老鼠，而题干问的是不具备社交能力的老鼠在实验中做了什么，属于张冠李戴。
23.【答案】B expected it to do the same in return
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Quinn 和 the rats released the social robots 往下定位到第四五段，第五段最后一句 This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. Quinn 说：这可能会让老鼠更好地记住早些时候已经释放了机器人，并希望机器人在它们被困住时能回报它们的恩惠。正确答案 B expected it to do the same in return 是原文的同义替换。干扰项 A 的 tried to practice a means of escape 试图尝试一种逃跑的方法，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。选项 C 的 wanted to display their intelligence 想要展示它们的智慧，文中并未提到，属于无中生有。选项 D 的 considered that an interesting game 觉得是个有趣的游戏在原文当中也没有体现，属于无中生有。
24.【答案】C respond more to actions than to looks
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 James Wiles 定位到第六七段，尾段尾句 We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, says Wiles. Wiles 说：“我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷，事实证明其他动物也很着迷。”再结合尾段前面部分的阐述，会发现正确答案 C respond more to actions than to looks 对行动的反应多于对外表的反应，是原文的类似表达。干扰项 A 的 can remember other rat's facial features能够记住其他老鼠的面部特征，与原文内容不符，原文第六段说的是假设赋予机器老鼠面部特征，那都不重要，属于偷换概念。选项 B 的 differentiate smells better than sizes 与体型大小相比，能够更好地区分气味，原文中只提到赋予机器老鼠真老鼠的气味，与原文不符，属于偷换概念。选项 D 的 can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 会被装有轮子的塑料盒子吓坏，文中机器老鼠只是装有轮子的塑料盒子，还是属于偷换概念。
25.【答案】D are more sensitive to social cues than expected
解析：本题目为推断题，考察基于全文主旨进行推断。题干并没有具体关键词，因此需要通
过选项回到文中逐一对应。正确答案 D are more sensitive to social cues than expected 对社交
线索比预期更敏感，与原文尾段首句 The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,
even when they come from basic robots.(这一发现显示了老鼠对社交暗示的敏感程度，即使
是来自基本机器老鼠的社交暗示)属于类似表达。选项 A 的 appear to be adaptable to new
surroundings 似乎能适应新环境，在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。选项 B 的 are more socially
active than other animals 比其他动物更活跃，文中只提到其他动物也一样会对机器人着迷，
属于偷换概念。干扰项 C 的 behave differently from children in socializing 在社交活动中表现
得与孩子不同，与原文内容相反，原文内容指的是孩子们倾向于把机器人当作人来对待，即
使他们只显示简单的社会信号。这一点与老鼠是一样的，属于正反混淆。
26.【答案】C Increased business opportunities for top firms
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 CEO pay rise 及题干中对 CEO 薪酬增加原因的提问，定位到第二段首句 The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.了解 CEO 薪酬增长的最佳模式是，CEO 人才在一个顶级公司的商业机会迅速增长的世界里是有限的。正确答案 C Increased business opportunities for top firms 增加顶级公司商业机会的增加。干扰项 A 的 The growth in the number of corporations 公司数量的增长，文中并不是说公司数量而是商业机会，属于偷换概念。选项 B 的 The general pay rise with a better economy 好转的经济带来的普遍加薪，文中并未提到 better economy，属于无中生有。选项 D 的 Close cooperation among leading economies 主要经济体之间的密切合作，文中也并未提到经济体之间的何做，属于无中生有。
27.【答案】D operate more globalized companies
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 predecessors 及 today's CEO's 定位到第三段第二句 They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slip-up can be significant. 他们还需要比他们的前任更好的公关技巧，因为即使是一个小失误的成本也可能是巨大的。选项中并未提到，继续往后看 Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. 还有一个事实是，美国的大公司比以往任何时候都更加全球化，供应链遍布更多的国家。正确答案 D operate more globalized companies 经营更全球化的公司是该句内容的同义替换。干扰项 A 的 foster a stronger sense of teamwork 培养更强的团队合作意识，文中提到意识，只有对金融市场有很好的了解，甚至公司应该如何进行交易的意识，属于偷换概念。选项 B 的 finance more research and development 资助更多的研发，定位段并没有提到，属于无中生有。选项 D 的 establish closer ties with tech companies 与科技公司建立更紧密的联系，定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。
28.【答案】B strict corporate governance
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 the 1970s 定位到第四段第三句 Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.然而，首席执行官的薪酬主要是在这一治理更加有力的时期一直居高不下。正确答案 B strict corporate governance 严格的公司管理，属于原文内容的替换表达。干扰项 A 的 continual internal opposition 持续的内部对立在文中并未提到，属于无中生有。选项 C 的 conservative business strategies 保守的商业策略，定位段并没有提到，属于无中生有。选项 D 的 repeated government warnings 政府的再三警告定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。
29.【答案】D increase corporate value
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 High CEO pay 及顺序出题规则，继续看尾段，定位句是 And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.当公司把首席执行官的薪酬与股票价格挂钩时，股票市场的反应是积极的，这表明这些做法不仅为首席执行官带来机制，而且创造了公司价值。正确答案 D increase corporate value 增加公司价值，是原文内容的替换表达。干扰项 A 的 confirm the status of CEO's 证实 CEO 的地位，定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。选项 B 的 motivate inside candidates 激发内部候选人的积极性，文中尾段首句首席执行官的最高薪水是付给外部候选人的，而不是付给那些舒适的内部人选，属于偷换概念。选项 C 的 boost the efficiency of CEO’s 提高 CEO 的效率，定位段未提到，属于无中生有。
30. 【答案】A CEO's Are Not Overpaid
解析：本题目为主旨题，考察文章主旨。根据题干分析文章主题词为 CEO 的薪酬，所以排除 C 项、D 项选项 A 的 CEO's Are Not Overpaid 首席执行官的薪水并不高。选项 B 的 CEO Pay: Past and Present CEO 的薪酬：过去和现在，而 CEO 过去的薪酬并不是原文中心，属于偏离主题，因此正确选项为 A。
31.【答案】D Its fate is yet to be decided
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Madrid's clean air zone 定位到前两段，首段说明背景 Madrid's clean air zone 的执行暂停。继续找第二段，尽管能够提高空气质量，但是市长表示反对。一位法官现在否决了该市停止征收罚款的决定，下令恢复原状。但随着法律斗争的进行，Madrid's clean air zone 的未来看起来也不确定。正确答案 D Its fate is yet to be decided 它的命运尚未决定，是原文内容的替换表达。选项 A 的 Its effects are questionable.其效果值得怀疑。与原文内容相反，属于正反混淆。选项 B 的 It has been opposed by a judge.它遭到法官的反对。文中法官反对的并不是 Madrid's clean air zone，而是停止征收罚款的决定。选项 C 的 It needs tougher enforcement.它需要更严格的执行。文中是执行已经停止，与原文内容不符，属于偷换概念。
32.【答案】D They put too much burden on individual motorists.
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 a weakness of the city-level measures及 tackle dirty air 定位到第三段第二句：That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose heating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.这是因为他们不可避免地把清洁空气的费用转嫁给那些必须支付费用或购买更好车辆的司机，而不是汽车制造商，因为他们的供暖是造成我们有毒污染的真正原因。正确答案 D They put too much burden on individual motorists.他们给个人驾车者增加了太多负担与原文内容一致。选项 A 的 They are biased again car manufactures.他们对汽车制造商有偏见，文中提到汽车制造商，却并未提到对其有无偏见，属于偷换概念。选项 B 的 They prove impractical for city councils.这些措施对市议会来说是不切实际的。选项 C 的 They are deemed too mild for politicians.他们被认为对政治家来说太温和了。定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。
33.【答案】A arouse strong resistance
解析：题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 extension 和 London’s Boulez 定位到第四段：And if Sadie Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 ashe intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.如果 Sadie Khan 在 2021 年胜出，并按照他的意愿将其延伸至南北环路，肯定会引发更多驾车者的强烈反对，届时他们将受到影响。正确答案 A arouse strong resistance引起强烈抵抗与原文内容一致。选项 B 的 ensure Khans electoral success 确保 Khans 选举成功，文中提到的是如果这个人赢了，属于偷换概念。选项 C 的 improve the city's traffic 改善城市交通，定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。选项 D 的 discourage car manufacturing 抑制汽车制造业也并未在定位段提到，属于无中生有。
34.【答案】D National governments
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干信息，问的是作者的具体观点。定位到第六段：But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments-Britain's and others across Europe- have failed to do so.但是市长和议员们只能对一个比任何一个城市或城镇都大得多的问题做这么多的工作。他们之所以采取行动，是因为英国和欧洲其他国家的政府未能做到这一点。正确答案 D National governments 作者认为国家政府应该解决这个问题，与原文内容一致。选项 A 的 Local residents 当地居民，定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。选项 B 和 C的 mayors and councilors 出现在定位句，但是与原文内容相反，属于正反混淆。
35. 【答案】B should be forced to follow regulations
解析：本题目为推断题，考察具体细节的推断。根据题干信息 auto companies，定位到尾段首句：require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance 要求汽车公司使其车辆符合要求。正确答案 B should be forced to follow regulations 应该被迫遵守规定，与原文信息一致。选项 A 的 will raise low-emission car production 将提高低排放汽车产量，定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。选项 C 和 D 的 will upgrade the design of their vehicles 和 should be put under public supervision 将升级他们的车辆设计、应该接受公众监督在原文中没有相关信息。
36.【答案】C are drawing growing public attention 细节题。
根据题干直接定位到文章根据提干第一段第一句话。信息选项中的“drawing growing public attention ”则对应到句中的“the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks” (近几周的关注度在稳步提高)”，其中 attention 原词复现， rising 和 growing 同义复现;而其他的选项则与最佳选项无缘，在定位区间中没有相应的对应信息。
37.【答案】D what a tough economic situation is like;细节题。
根据题干中询问 Generation Z 的特点我们来到第二段。题干中的 aware 直接定位到第二段第四行”Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like (经济列车受到重创是什么样子的)”;信息选项中的“tough economic situation ”则对应到句中的“economic train wreck ”;而其他的选项则与最佳选项无缘，在定位区间中没有相应的对应信息。
38.【答案】C relieve;猜词题。
根据题干，可以定位到第九段第二句话：“The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt”,所以解题的关键是判断”The booming economy(繁荣的经济)”和”generational sense of anxious urgency(代际焦虑)”的关系;根据常识判断，繁荣的经济可以降低求职者的焦虑;再结合上一道题我们知道， Gen Zs 是务实和谨慎(practical and cautious)的一代;由此可以得出繁荣的经济并未降低求职者的焦虑，原文已有并未(have done little),选项 B 中的relieve(减轻)与我们的判断一致，因此答案为 C。而其它的选项 A define(定义)，B maintain(保持)，deepen(加深)和我们的判断都不一致。
39.【答案】A have a clear idea about their future jobs; 推断题。
题目中明确出题段落(from Paragraph 3)。因此，第三段的第一句 chose their major with a job in mind(按照自己的理想工作选择专业)和选项 D have a clear idea about their future jobs(对自己的未来工作有明确认识)相符合。根据原文中的第二句话(未来雇主最重要的特性是工作的稳定性，第二位是职业发展与培训，第三位是吸引人的目标)排除答案 A 和 B;选项 C 并未体现。
40.【答案】B less adventurous;细节题。
题干中的 compared with millennials 定位到文章第二段：the catch words for Gen Zs are practical and cautious(Gen Zs 的口号是务实和谨慎);由此判断出选项 B 不爱冒险为正确答案。其余均与原文不不符。
41. 【答案】 E Reveal, don’t hide, information
解析：根据段落转折句，“你这样做对谁都没有好处。”所以接下来就是作者的观点。他说一个研究发现观察者们一直对那些和他们坦诚的人评价很高，而对那些有所隐藏的失去信任。所以就是要真实，不要隐藏信息。
42. 【答案】 F Slow down and listen
解析：根据段落中心句: In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to
feel you don’t value their opinions. 意思是实际上，急着表达你的观点可能会让同事们觉得你
没有重视他们的观点。因此就是听取别人的观点。
43. 【答案】 D Spend time with everyone
解析：根据段落转折句，“除了那些你信任的同事，你还应该扩大你的圈子，并且寻找所有你身边的人。因此就是要和每个人在一起。
44. 【答案】A Give compliments, just not too many
解析：根据段落转折句，“但是不要过度去做或者做假。应该做的内容就在下句，“一个研究发现，人们对于从负面到正面的评价反应最好，也许因为这个评价表明他们有比其他人做得好。因此这就是要称赞，但是不能太多。
45. 【答案】 C Tailor your interactions
解析：根据段落中心句，最后一句：So, adapt your style accordingly to type. 意思是要相应地把你的风格适合于不同的类型。也就是因人而异的意思。
参考译文：
人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。但是，失败的妙处就在于，完全由我
们来决定如何看待它。
我们可以选择将失败看作是“世界末日”。或者像以往一样，把它看作令人
难以置信的学习经历。每当我们在某件事上失败时，我们会选择寻找应学习的教
训。这些教训非常重要;他们教会我们如何成长，如何避免再次犯相同的错误。
如果失败阻止我们前进，那么唯一的条件就是我们允许它的发生。
失败还可以教会我们认识自己，那是我们在别处永远无法学习到的。例如，
失败可以帮助你发现自己的能力。失败可以帮助你发现最真实的朋友，或者帮助
你找到预料之外的成功动力。
【解析】
一、总述
考题文章来自于知名网站 Mind Tools 上一篇名为“Overcoming Fear of
Failure：Facing Your Fear of Moving Forward”一文。文章略有删减，总词数 151
词，共 3 段，10 句话。题目难度适中，题材常规，符合英语二翻译历年的考题
规律。相似题材的文章曾经考过，如 2010 年“承受力”这篇文章。考题贴近生
活，总体难度较低，考生可从容应对，个别语句较为抽象，略有难度，下面进行
解析。
二、难句剖析
1.【原文】But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide
how to look at it.
【分析】本句话易于简单，由主句加上 that 引导的表语从句构成，表语从句中嵌
套这 how 引导的宾语从句。其中，the wonderful thing about failure 可以理解为“失
败的妙处”，be up to sb.表示“取决于某人”;it's entirely up to us to decide how to
look at it 可以理解为“完全由我们来决定如何看待它”，把无灵主语 it 译成有灵
主语“我们”，更符合汉语习惯。
【译文】但是，失败的妙处就在于，完全由我们来决定如何看待它。
2.【原文】Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.
【分析】本句话由主句和 that 引导的定语从句构成。其中，look at failure as the
learning experience 需要注意措辞，incredible 是形容词，最常见的意思是“不能
相信的”，但也有“难以置信的、极大的、极好的”之意;结合语境，翻译成“难
以置信的”较为通顺，因此这半句话可理解为“把它看作令人难以置信的学习经
历”，为避免上下文重复，可将 failure 译成代词“它”。
【译文】或者像以往一样，把它看作令人难以置信的学习经历。
【分析】本句由主句和 only if 引导的条件状语构成，only if 基本的词义为“只
要……就，只是在……的时候，只有”的意思，也有“除了”的含义。本句考点
之一在于状语从句翻译时需要前置，其二在于选取 only if 符合语境的词义。
【译文】除非我们允许失败的发生，否则失败无法阻止我们前进。
47【小作文】Suppose you are planning a trip of historical site for a group of international students
1. Say something about the site
2.Give some tips for the tour
参考译文
Welcome to China. I am writing this email to recommend one of the most famous scenic spots to you so that you can have a wonderful time here. Xi An, the capital city of Xi An province is full of ancient relics There are some wonderful buildings such as the
Terracotta Army Banpo village museum and so on. If you ant to have a taste of delicious food while admiring the traditional culture the Huis street is the best choice. One thing i have to remind you is that Xi an boasts plenty of modern hotels and restaurants, but they are not cheap,so you need to take this into account i sincerely hope you will have as much fun as possible and it will be my pleasure to be your guide
Yours, Li Ming
Yours, Li Ming
48.【大作文】
今年大作文是共于学生群体使用手机目的的饼状图,不沙及到时间段内的动态对比:饼状图此前在历年的真题中考察的比例是第二位,所以这次难度也在意料之中。饼状图三要是描述各部分在整体中的比例及重要性。
按三段式结构,第一段先写学习,搜索,消磨时间所占的比例。例如:
As depicted in the bar chart, the students who smartphone to obtain knowledge account for 60.The number of the ones who use it to kill time ranks the to get information, with a percentage of 17%. And the rest are for other ourposes.
第二段对各个比例群体行为进行原分析。我们以前套路模板中，分析原因总会提到经济发展和宏观利好政策的原因,这里我们分析占据最大份额的“学习”可以细化到手机行业的发展，教育的普及,以及国家对在线教育行业的支持。
The following factors may explain the phenomenon above. To begin with, the popularization of smstnhon all education make open resources of knowledge possible for the masses in both urban and rural areas. Students can acquire the knowledge they are interested in regardless of their majors anytime anywhere addition students would like to use smartphone for leisure besides learning since there emerges so many online games and social media. Lastly, students need to keep themselves updated to the rapidly changing world to make decisions for example, the decision to choose Major and Career path And smartphone. is no doubt the easiest way to help students stay informed about the important news.
第三段总结，可以建议，可以展望,或者简单综述自已对这个现象的态度。
Firmly I reckon there is no need to worry about this trend in smartphone use. The school and government should provide more versatile open online courses to capitalize the merits of smartphone while pose some strict policies and regulations on the spread of fake and bad information which may cause negative effects on students mind.
