2010年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题
Paper One 试卷一
Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each )
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. A: Can you take over for me here for a little while? I have a friend coming to see me.
B: I’d like to, but ____________Ask Peter, he’s not so occupied at this moment.
A. how can I do it? B. that’s alright.
C. I have my hands full. D. that’s impossible.
2. A: To get an outside line, just dial 0 and the phone number. Or we can place a call for you, if you want.
B: No, thanks a lot. ____________
A. Just put me through. B. I’ll try it myself.
C. I’d rather not. D. I’ll appreciate your help.
3. A: Now, it’s just work, work, and work. I work hard all day, every day.
B: Oh, come on, ____________ You’re making a good salary now.
A. Don’t complain. B. Sorry to hear about it.
C. Anything I can do for you? D. What’s your plan?
4. A: Pamela, can you come to a meeting on Friday?
B: ____________ Let me check my schedule. When are you having it?
A. No big deal. B. I’m not sure.
C. Can I? D. Sure thing!
5. A: I’m really getting fed up with the salespersons who keep calling.
B: ____________
A. I hope it’s nothing serious. B. They are so stupid!
C. So am I. It’s so annoying. D. You are right. Forget it.
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
6. Man: I’ve figured it out. It looks like it’ll take us about 5 hours to drive from here to Chicago.
Woman: It’d be more relaxing to take the train. But I guess we should watch our expenses.
Question: What does the woman imply?
A. She likes to drive when she travels.
B. She doesn’t want to go to Chicago.
C. She doesn’t know the cost of the train trip.
D. It’s cheaper to go to Chicago by car.
7. Man: How about the examination last week?
Woman: If I’d got more time, I could have made it.
Question: What does the woman imply?
A. She was asked to take another examination.
B. She failed the examination last week.
C. She did quite well in the examination.
D. She didn’t take the examination last week.
8. Man: Harvard or the State University, have you decided yet?
Woman: Well, I’d rather be a big fish in a small pond.
Question: Which university is the woman likely to choose?
A. The State University. B. Harvard.
C. Neither. D. She hasn’t decided yet.
9. Man: I’ve just found a great location to open a new shop.
Women: But you haven’t researched the market. Don’t you think this is putting the cart before the horse?
Question: What does the woman mean?
A. The man shouldn’t make the decision so quickly.
B. It’s too risky to choose such a location.
C. The man is doing things in the wrong order.
D. It’s possible for him to make a better choice.
10. Women: My results are a bit flattering because I’ve had quite a lot of luck.
Man: Nonsense, you’re head and shoulders above the others in your group.
Question: What does the man think is the reason for the woman’s success?
A. She’s really lucky.
B. She’s far better than the others.
C. She’s got the others’ support.
D. She’s been working hard.
Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes , 10 points , 0.5 for each )
Section A
Directions: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
11. Betty was offended because she felt that her friends had ignored her purposefully at the party.
A. desperately B. definitely C. deliberately D. decisively
12. There has been enough playing around so let’s get down to business.
A. make a deal B. begin our work C. reach an agreement D. change our plan
13. How is it possible for our human body to convert yesterday’s lunch into today’s muscle?
A. alter B. develop C. modify D. turn
14. It is important for families to observe their traditions even as their children get older.
A. notice B. watch C. follow D. celebrate
15. It is difficult to comprehend, but everything you have ever seen, smelt, heard or felt is merely your brain’s interpretation of incoming stimuli.
A. explanation B. evaluation C. recognition D. interruption
16. Life is more important than the pressures and stresses that we place on ourselves over work and other commitments.
A. appointments B. arrangements C. obligations D. devotions
17. If you continue to indulge in computer games like this, your future will be at stake.
A. in danger B. without question C. on guard D. at large
18. Romantic novels, as opposed to realistic ones, tend to present idealized versions of life, often with a happy ending.
A. in contrast to B. in regard to C. in terms of D. in light of
19. Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase in wisdom.
A. improves B. precedes C. imposes D. exceeds
20. Many students today display a disturbing willingness to choose institutions and careers on the basis of earning potential.
A. offensive B. depressive C. troublesome D. tiresome
Section B
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentences there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
21. My oldest son had just finished an ______ holiday stay prior to moving to a new state, a new job, and the next chapter in his lift.
A. enlarged B. expanded C. extended D. increased
22. Blacks and American Indians ______ less than 10% of students in the top30 business schools, while they are about 28% of the U.S population.
A. make up B. take up C. reach out D. turn out
23. With demand continuing to rise in ______ economies such as China and India, energy traders believe that oil futures are a good bet.
A. employing B. emerging C. embracing D. emitting
24. Laws and regulations in each country have to be made ______ the constitution of the country.
A. in honor of B. in memory of C. in return for D. in line with
25. The jury’s ______ was that the accused was guilty.
A. verdict B. sentence C. trial D. debate
26. In English learning, a______ cycle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.
A. vertical B. vicious C. vivid D. vigorous
27. Isn’t it ______ when you learn something you’ve never known before?
A. cool B. crazy C. cold D. cute
28. There are several factors______the rapid growth of sales promotion, particularly in consumer markets.
A. resorting to B. appealing to C. applying to D. contributing to
29. The Internet has been developing at a speed ______ people’s expectations in the past two decades.
A. over B. of C. under D. beyond
30. It is obvious that the sports games are no longer amateur affairs; they have become professionally ______.
A. laid off B. laid out C. put off D. put out
Part III Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was 25% more likely to do the same.
Earlier findings showed that happiness, fatness and the ability to stop smoking can also grow like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts.
The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression.
The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends.
For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men.
Researchers from the University of Chicago, Harvard and the University of California, San Diego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study found that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about 5%, or two and a half days.
Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends -and more likely that society will reject them.
John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.
The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a “protective barrier” against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart.
31. Besides loneliness, which of the following can also spread among people?
A. Friendship. B. Happiness. C. Depression. D. Smoking.
32. The Framingham Heart Study starting from 1948______
A. expanded its research topics
B. involved 5,000 patients of depression
C. identified loneliness as one key factor for heart disease
D. examined the relationship between loneliness and depression
33. Which of the following is true about the spread of loneliness?
A. It leads to a gradual loss of friends.
B. It is a common phenomenon among women.
C. It is often found in the neighborhood.
D. It ruins the relationships between close friends.
34. Having a lonely friend, you are more likely to ______
A. strengthen your friendship
B. develop new friendship
C. increase the sense of loneliness
D. reduce the sense of loneliness
35. According to John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago, loneliness can______ .
A. result in aggressiveness
B. cause people to be overprotective
C. infect social networks D. push people to the verge of poverty
36. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Loneliness can spread.
B. Loneliness is linked to depression.
C. Lonely people tend to grow fat.
D. Lonely people need more friends.
Passage Two
California has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative. “Starting this fall with high school math and science, we will be the first state in the nation to provide schools with a state-approved list of digital textbooks.” That was Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in June, talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why he thinks digital textbooks make sense.
California approves traditional textbooks in six- year cycles. Digital ones can offer the latest information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more fun and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances.
The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. More than six million students attend California public schools.
Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science materials for high schools. These had to meet at least 90% of the state’s learning requirements. Specially trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them.
Six of the ten were published by the CK12 Foundation, a nonprofit group that had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation paid teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group financed by the Khosla Family.
California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have to decide for themselves.
Susan Martimo, a California Department of Education official, says she does not expect widespread use right away. He best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use them, but only in addition to their traditional books.
School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively.
37. The Digital Textbook Initiative______ .
A. will probably take effect in six years
B. covers all the high school subjects
C. has been approved by all states
D. is advocated by California state governor
38. The main reason for promoting digital textbooks is to______ .
A. help save money B. benefit the environment
C. provide interesting materials D. reduce students’ heavy burden
39. The digital textbooks were approved by______ .
A. trained teachers B. content developers
C. Khosla Family D. CK12 Foundation
40. What is true of CK12Foundation?
A. It produced 16 digital textbooks.
B. It paid teachers to write digital textbooks.
C. It is financed by California state government.
D. It makes money through developing digital textbooks.
41. According to Susan Martimo, digital textbooks ______
A. are not likely to have a widespread use
B. will soon replace traditional ones
C. will first be adopted by well-equipped schools
D. are certain to be approved by school districts
42. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______ .
A. schools are reluctant to print out copies
B. the use of digital textbooks is not really free
C. students need to pay for computers
D. training teachers to use the textbooks is not efficient
Passage Three
Doctors in Britain are warning of an obesity time bomb, when children who are already overweight grow up. So, what should we do? Exercise more? Eat less? Or both? The government feels it has to take responsibility for this expanding problem.
The cheerful Mr. Pickwick, the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump (胖乎乎的)- and happy. In 18th century paintings beauty is equated with rounded bodies and soft curves. But nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
So what do you do? Diet? Not according to England’s chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson. He says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity, cancer and heart disease. And the Health Secretary John Reid ever said that being inactive is as serious a risk factor in heart disease as smoking.
So, having bought some cross trainers, how much exercise should you do? According to Sir Liam Donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week. Is going to the gym the answer? Luckily for those who find treadmills (跑步机) tedious, the Health Development Agency believes that physical activity that fits into people’s live may be more effective. They suggest taking the stairs rather than the lift, walking up escalators, playing active games with your children, dancing or gardening. And according to a sports psychologist , Professor Biddle, gyms “are not making the nation fit”, and may even cause harm .
There’s new scientific evidence that too much exercise may actually be bad for you. Scientists at the University of Ulster have found that unaccustomed exercise releases dangerous free radicals that can adversely affect normal function in unfit people. The only people who should push their bodies to that level of exercise on a regular basis are trained athletes.
So, should we forget about gyms and follow some experts’ advice to increase exercise in our daily life? After all, getting off the bus a stop early and walking the rest of the way can’t do any harm! One final thought. How come past generations lacked gym facilities but were leaner and fitter than people today?
43. This passage is mainly about ______ .
A. how to keep fit and avoid fatness B. increased risks for overweight people
C. the dangers of exercise in the gym D. the benefit of a balanced diet
44. What does “this expanding problem” (Para.1) refer to?
A. The slow growing up of overweight children.
B. The obesity time bomb warned of by doctors.
C. Too little exercise and too much diet.
D. Neglect of the health issue by the government.
45. Why does the author mention Mr. Pickwick in Charles Dickens’ novel?
A. He was portrayed in an 18th century painting.
B. He is the hero of a world famous novel.
C. He suffered from heart disease and stroke.
D. He is the image of being plump and happy.
46. According to Sir Liam Donaldson, what is the best way to avoid obesity?
A. Being on diet. B. Giving up smoking .
C. Being as inactive as possible. D. Doing physical activities.
47. Which of the following is NOT recommended by the Health Development Agency?
A. Walking up escalators, dancing or gardening.
B. Going to the gym to walk on treadmills.
C. Taking the stairs rather than the lift.
D. Playing active games with your children.
48. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______
A. too much exercise may actually be bad for health.
B. experts’ advice cannot be always followed.
C. past generations longed for gym facilities we have today.
D. moderate daily-life exercise can make us leaner and fitter.
Passage Four
A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple metaphor, one object becomes the other: Love is a rose. Although this does not sound like a particularly rich image, a metaphor can communicate so much about a particular image that poets use them more than any other type of figurative language. The reason for this is that poets compose their poetry to express what they are experiencing emotionally at that moment. Consequently, what the poet imagines love to be may or may not be our perception of love. Therefore, the poet’s job is to enable us to experience it, to feel it the same way as the poet does.
Let’s analyze this remarkably unsophisticated metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers. Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose, first we must examine the characteristics of that flower. A rose is spectacular in its beauty, its petals (花瓣) are nicely soft, and its smell is pleasing. It’s possible to say that a rose is actually a feast to the senses of sight, touch, and smell. The rose’s appearance seems to border on perfection, each petal seemingly symmetrical in form. Isn’t this the way one’s love should be? A loved one should be a delight to one’s senses and seem perfect. However, there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose. Roses have thorns. The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky. So can love, the metaphor tells us. When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection, ouch, a thorn can cause great harm! “Be careful,” the metaphor warns: Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering. This is the poet’s perception of love- an admonition (劝诫). What is the point? Just this: It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four words! That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor.
49. According to the passage, what is a metaphor?
A. A comparison between two different objects with similar features.
B. A contrast between two different things to create a vivid image.
C. A description of two similar objects in a poetic way.
D. A literary device specially employed in poetry writing.
50. The main idea of this passage is that ______ .
A. rose is a good image in poetry B. love is sweet and pleasing
C. metaphor is ambiguous D. metaphor is great poetic device
51. It can be inferred from the passage that a metaphor is______ .
A. difficult to understand B. rich in meaning
C. not precise enough D. like a flower
52. As is meant by the author, thorns of a rose ______ .
A. protect the rose from harm
B. symbolize reduced love
C. add a new element to the image of love
D. represent objects of one’s affection
53. The meaning of the love –is- a -rose metaphor is that______
A. love is a true joy.
B. true love comes once in a lifetime.
C. love does not last long.
D. love is both good and bad experiences.
54. According to the passage, poetry is intended to ______ .
A. release anger B. entertain the readers
C. express poets’ ideas D. reward the senses
Passage Five
Some 23 million additional U.S. residents are expected to become more regular users of the U.S. health care system in the next several years, thanks to the passage of health care reform. Digitizing medical data has been promoted as one way to help the already burdened system manage the surge in patients. But putting people’s health information in databases and online is going to do more than simply reduce redundancies. It is already shifting the very way we seek and receive health care.
“The social dynamics of care are changing,” says John Gomez, vice president of Eclipsys, a medical information technology company. Most patients might not yet be willing to share their latest CT scan images over Facebook, he notes, but many parents post their babies’ ultrasound images, and countless patients nowadays use social networking sites to share information about conditions, treatments and doctors.
With greater access to individualized health information—whether that is through a formal electronic medical record, a self-created personal health record or a quick instant messaging session with a physician-the traditional roles of doctors and patients are undergoing a rapid transition.
“For as long as we’ve known, health care has been ‘I go to the physician, and they tell me what to do, and I do it,” says Nitu Kashyap, a physician and research fellow at the Yale Center for Medical Informatics. Soon more patients will be arriving at a hospital or doctor’s office having reviewed their own record, latest test results and recommended articles about their health concerns. And even more individuals will be able to skip that visit altogether, instead sending a text message or e-mail to their care provider or consulting a personal health record or smart phone application to answer their questions.
These changes will be strengthened by the nationwide shift to electronic medical records, which has already begun. Although the majority of U.S. hospitals and doctors’ offices are still struggling to start the changeover, many patients already have electronic medical records-and some even have partial access to them. The My Chart program, in use at Cleveland Clinic , the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and other facilities, is a Web portal (门户) through which patients can see basic medical information as well as some test results.
Medical data is getting a new digital life, and it is jump-starting a “fundamental change in how care is provided,” Gomez says.
55. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. The Future of Your Medical Data.
B. Challenges against Doctors and Hospitals.
C. Benefits of the U.S. Health Care Reform.
D. How to Access and Share Your Health Information.
56. Putting patient information in databases and online ______ .
A. enables more Americans to join the health care system
B. contributes to the passage of health care reform
C. increases the burden of the U.S. health care system
D. changes how people seek and receive health care
57. According to John Gomez, many patients use social networking sites to ______ .
A. change their social interactions
B. post their latest CT scan images
C. share information about their health care
D. show their babies’ recent pictures
58. Which of the following is NOT changing the traditional roles of doctors and patients?
A. A formal electronic medical record.
B. An easier access to information online.
C. A self-created to information online.
D. A quick instant messaging session with a doctor.
59. According to Nitu Kashyap, more patients in the future will______
A. refuse to follow their doctors’ advice
B. be more dependent on their doctors
C. leave out their visit to doctors’ offices and hospitals
D. have their health conditions examined through e-mail
60. It is stated in the passage that ______ .
A. nationwide digitalization of medical data will begin soon
B. most of U.S. hospitals and doctors are against the shift
C. patients are worried about the security of their health information
D. patients are starting to make use of their electronic medical records
Part IV Cloze(15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)
Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Are you single but too busy to search for love? Then you need to try the latest dating phenomenon that is sweeping 61 the UK——speed dating.
Speed dating 62 men and women meeting in a room and finding out as much as they can about possible 63 in three minutes. It’s proving very 64 with Britain’s young people who find that they haven’t got the time to meet that special one.
At a speed dating event you are given three minutes to talk, 65 , with a member of the opposite sex. Then a bell is 66 and you move to another person and start chatting again. By the end of the evening you will have spoken with up to twenty men or women!
If, by the end of a conversation, you 67 the person or would like to see him or her again, you write it 68 on a card. Then, if the other person also fancies you, the organizers will contact you with their details.
But is three minutes long enough to make an impression and 69 if you want to see someone again? Research suggests that 70 can be felt within the first thirty seconds of meeting someone, and that is 71 speed dating is all about, knowing quickly if you are going to like someone.
And what about romance? Is it possible to make a good 72 in such a short time? 73 , people say you can’t hurry love. However, Britain will soon have its first marriage from a speed date.
So, if you are on a 74 to find Mr. or Miss Right, what have you got to lose? 75 , you still go home on your own. But at best, the person of your dreams could be just three minutes away.
61. A . off B. across C. over D. through
62. A. requires B. inquires C. revolves D. involves
63. A. partners B. spouses C. friends D. counterparts
64. A. practical B. popular C. favorable D. normal
65. A. all in one B. one after one C. one on one D. one and all
66. A. knocked B. shaken C. swung D. rung
67. A. attract B. enjoy C. chase D. fancy
68. A. down B. off C. up D. back
69. A. work on B. work out C. work at D. work up
70. A. emotion B. sentiment C. chemistry D. attachment
71. A. how B. what C. all D. where
72. A. conclusion B. reflection C. guess D. judgment
73. A. In all B. After all C. Of all D. And all
74. A. tour B. route C. direction D. mission
75. A. At last B. At first C. At worst D. At end
Paper Two 试卷二
Part I Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section)
Section A
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
An ecosystem is a group of animals and plants living in a specific region and interacting with one another and with their physical environment. Ecosystems include physical and chemical components, such as soils, water, and nutrients that support the organisms living there. These organisms may range from large animals to microscopic bacteria. Ecosystems also can be thought of as the interactions among all organisms in a given area; for instance, one species may serve as food for another. People are part of the ecosystems where they live and work. Human activities can harm or destroy local ecosystems unless actions such as land development for housing or businesses are carefully planned to conserve and sustain the ecology of the area.
Section B
全球化作为一种新的经济和社会发展趋势，给中国带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。一方面，中国正成为世界制造业中心并在国际舞台上发挥着日益重要的作用;另一方面，我们也面临着如何在全球化进程中既要发展经济，以能传承优秀文化传统的问题。
Part II Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words. Your composition should be based on the following two questions after you have read the story given in Chinese.
1. What do you think about the story?
2. What do you learn from it?
第二稿
英国史学家卡莱尔经过多年的伏案，写成了《法国大革命史》的全部文稿。那时候没有电脑，一切都得用手来完成，而且难得有“备份”。卡莱尔写完后的第一件事，就是将它交给最信任的好友米尔去完善。
然而,就在第二天手稿被米尔家的女佣当作废纸丢进了火炉!而且，更糟糕的是，为了保持书房的整洁，卡莱尔每写完一章，随手把原来的笔记、草稿撕碎。可以想见卡莱尔当时的心情，但他很快就平静下来，反而安慰伤心的米尔：“没关系，就当我作文交给老师批阅，老师说这篇不行，重写一次吧，你可以写得更好!”
卡莱尔再起炉灶，重写这部巨著。如今人们读到的《法国大革命史》，就是他的第二稿。这一稿的质量，无论文字上还是内涵上，都达到了卡莱尔写作的巅峰。
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参考答案
2010年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题参考答案与解析
Paper One 试卷一
Part I Dialogue Communication
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7 . B 8. A 9. C 10. B
Part II Vocabulary
Section A
11. 【答案】C
【解析】题中词purposefully有目的地，蓄意地。
A. desperately拼命地，绝望地 B. definitely明确地，肯定地
C. deliberately故意地，蓄意地 D. decisively决然地，果断地
【译文】贝蒂很生气，因为她觉得她的朋友们在聚会上故意冷落她。
12. 【答案】B
【解析】题中短语get down to business着手办正事。
A. make a deal成交;达成协议 B. begin our work 开始工作
C. reach an agreement达成协议 D. change our plan改变计划
【译文】已经玩得差不多了，让我们开始谈正事吧。
13. 【答案】D
【解析】题中词convert转化，转变。
A. alter改变，改动 B. develop发展，开发
C. modify更改，修改 D. turn使变成，转变
【译文】我们的身体怎么可能把昨天的午餐转变成今天的肌肉呢?
14. 【答案】C
【解析】题中词observe观察，遵守。
A. notice 注意 B. watch看，观察
C. follow遵循，跟随 D. celebrate庆祝
【译文】即使子女已长大，对于每个家庭遵守自己的家族传统是很重要的。
15. 【答案】A
【解析】题中词interpretation解释，阐明。
A. explanation解释，说明 B.evaluation估价，评价
C. recognition认出，识别 D. interruption中断，打断
【译文】尽管很难理解，但你曾见到、闻到、听到和感觉到的一切都只是你的大脑对于外界刺激的阐释。
16. 【答案】C
【解析】题中词commitment献身，承诺，承担义务。
A. appointment约会，任命，委派 B. arrangement安排
C. obligation义务，职责 D. devotion奉献，献身
【译文】生命比我们因工作和其他义务而施加在自身上的压力和重担更为重要。
17. 【答案】A
【解析】题中短语at stake在危险中。
A. in danger在危险中 B. without question毫无疑问
C. on guard警惕，防范 D. at large详尽地;未被捕地
【译文】如果你继续如此沉迷于电脑游戏，你的未来将就会很危险了。
18. 【答案】A
【解析】题中短语as opposed to与……不同，与……相反。
A. in contrast to与……相反的 B. in regard to 关于，至于
C. in terms of 依据，按照 D. in light of 按照，根据
【译文】与现实主义小说不同的是，浪漫小说往往呈现的是理想化的生活模式，且结局圆满。
19. 【答案】D
【解析】题中词surpass超过，胜过。
A. improve提高，改善 B. precede在……之前，先于
C. impose强加于(后常接on/upon) D. exceed超越，胜过
【译文】大多数人都会同意，虽然我们这个时代的知识远远超越以往所有的时代，但是智慧水平却没有相应地提高。
20. 【答案】C
【解析】题中词disturbing烦扰的，令人不安的。
A. offensive冒犯的，无礼的 B. depressive郁闷的，抑郁的
C. troublesome麻烦的，使人苦恼的 D. tiresome使人疲劳的
【译文】如今许多学生根据收入潜力来选择学校和职业，这种择业意愿的表现令人不安。
Section B
21. 【答案】 C
【解析】本题考查的是意义相近的动词过去分词做形容词的辨析理解与运用。
A. enlarge扩大，扩展 B. expand展开，扩张
C. extend延长，延伸 D. increase增长，增加，增强
【译文】我的大儿子在动身去往一个新的州，开始一份新的工作和下一个人生篇章之前，刚刚结束了一次长假。
22. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是由up或out构成的动词短语的辨析理解与运用。
A. make up占据;弥补;编造
B. take up占据(时间、空间)
C. reach out伸出(手、肢等)
D. turn out关，熄灭;结果是make up 占据后面加百分比而take up 不加。
【译文】虽然黑人和美国印第安人大约占美国人口的28%，但他们在前30所商学院中的学生人数还不到10%。
23. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是现在分词作形容词的辨析理解与运用。
A. employ雇用，使用 B. emerge兴起
C. embrace拥抱;包含 D. emit发射，散发(光、热等)
【译文】随着诸如中国和印度这样的新兴经济体对石油的需求不断增加，能源交易商认为石油期货是一个不错的选择。
24. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是有in的介词短语的辨析理解与运用。
A. in honor of 向…表示敬意，为了纪念(祝贺)
B. in memory of纪念
C. in return for 作为……的报答
D. in line with与……符合，与……一致
【译文】每个国家所制定的法律和规章都必须符合该国宪法的规定。
25. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是与法庭审判相关的近义词辨析。
A. verdict裁决 B. sentence宣判，判决
C. trial 审讯，审判 D. debate辩论，讨论
【译文】陪审团裁决被告有罪。
26. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是以v-开头的近形词辨析。
A. vertical垂直的，直立的 B. vicious恶性的，危险的
C. vivid生动的，活泼的 D. vigorous精力旺盛的，精力充沛的
【译文】在学习英语的过程中，学生受到责备后就会犯更多的错误，这就形成了一个恶性循环。
27. 【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是以c-开头的形近词的运用与理解。
A. cool酷的，极好的，绝妙的 B. crazy疯狂的，狂热的
C. cold寒冷的，冷淡的 D. cute可爱的，聪明的
【译文】当你学到以前从不会的事物时不是很棒吗?
28. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是由to所构成的动词短语辨析。
A. resort to诉诸于，采取 B. appeal to呼吁，上诉，有吸引力
C. apply to应用，适用 D. contribute to有助于，促进
【译文】有几种因素推动了促销销量的快速增长，尤其是消费市场方面。
29. 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是与expectation所搭配的介词辨析。beyond (one's) expectation意为出乎意料，与本题所表达的意思相符合。A. over、B. of 和C. under 三项都无法与题干中的词形成正确搭配。
【译文】在过去的20年里，互联网一直在以超乎人们想象的速度向前发展。
30. 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是动词短语辨析与运用。
A. laid off 解雇 B. laid out布置，安排
C. put off推迟，延期 D. put out扑灭，熄灭
【译文】很明显，体育游戏不再是业余爱好者的事;它们已得到专业化的安排。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【文章介绍】
这是一篇议论文，作者主要介绍了孤独对人的健康的影响，着重强调了孤独与抑郁症之前的关系以及孤独具有传染性。文章首先指出孤独与抑郁症和其他健康问题存有关系，接着详细介绍了关于孤独所做的一项科学研究的具体情况，以及从研究中的结论和提出的建议。
31. 【答案】B
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 给出的各项中除了孤独还有哪一项可以在人群中传播?
根据第二段第一句：……, fatness and the ability to stop smoking can also grow like infections within social groups. 幸福、肥胖和戒烟能力就像传染病一样可以在社会群体间传播。因此B项“幸福”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“友谊”文中未提及;C项“沮丧”不正确，第一段中只说了人们已经把孤独与沮丧以及其他健康问题联系起来，但没有说沮丧可以传播。D项“吸烟”不正确，第二段中说的是戒烟能力可以传播而不是吸烟。
32. 【答案】A
【考点】引申推断
【解析】 关于开始于1948年的弗拉明汉姆心脏研究计划表述哪一项是正确的?
根据文章第三段：The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression. 可知这项始于1948年的研究是为了调查心脏病的起因。从那时起又增加了更多的测试，包括对孤独和沮丧的评估。由此我们可以推断该研究有许多新的扩展。所以，A项“扩大了研究课题”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B“包括5000名抑郁症患者”不正确，文中说新的研究结果包括了弗雷明汉心脏研究第二代中的5000多人，而不是5000名抑郁症患者。C项“确定孤独是引发心脏病的一个关键因素”和D项“研究孤独和抑郁之间的关系”在文中均未提及。
32. 【答案】A
【考点】正误判断
【解析】 有关孤独的传播的说法中哪一项是正确的?
根据文章第八段内容可知，孤独寂寞的人会越来越不信任他人，从而导致更不容易交到朋友，且更可能的结果是社会也会拒绝他们。由此我们可以得出A项“孤独会导致逐渐失去朋友”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“孤独在女士中是一种普遍现象”不正确，文中说孤独在女士中比在男人中间更容易传播，但并没有说孤独在女士中是一种普遍现象;C项“孤独通常在邻居中可以发现”不正确，文中说的是孤独会影响邻居间的关系。但是不能据此推定孤独常常发生在邻居身上;D项“孤独会毁掉亲密朋友之间的关系”不正确，文中第四段最后一句说孤独容易在密友较少的人中传播，而不是孤独会破坏亲密之间的关系。
33. 【答案】C
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 拥有一位孤独的朋友，你很有可能会怎样?
根据文章第一段和第八段的两组数据可以推测得出有孤独的朋友的人很有可能会增加孤独感，因此，C项“增加孤独感”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“巩固你的友谊”、B项“发展新的友谊”在文中均为提及，D项“减少孤独感”与原文文意相反。
34. 【答案】C
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 根据芝加哥大学的约翰·卡乔波的观点，孤独将会造成什么后果?根据题干中的关键词John Cacioppo可定位到文中文章第九段，约翰·卡乔波认为识别、应对孤独非常重要，且被推向社会边缘的人应该获得帮助以便修补他们的社交网络。由此可以推知，孤独影响人们的社交网络。因此C项“影响社交网络”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“导致攻击性的行为”文中未提及;B项“使人们过度自我保护”不正确，文中说研究的目标应该是主动创造出防止孤独的防护栏，而没有说孤独会引起过度的自我保护;D项“将人们推向贫困边缘”不正确，文中说的是被推向社会的边缘而不是贫困的边缘。
35. 【答案】A
【考点】主旨推断
【解析】 本文的主题思想是什么?
文章第一段首先提出了孤独也可以传染的观点，随后各段围绕这一观点，介绍了相关研究的具体情况和研究结果，并在文章最后提出预防孤独的重要性。因此A项“孤独可以传播”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“孤独和抑郁有关”不正确，它只是文章的部分内容，而不是主题。C项“孤独的人往往很胖”文中未提及。D项“孤独的人需要更多的朋友”不正确，虽然从文中可以推出孤独的人需要更多的朋友这一观点，但它能概括全文主旨。
【参考译文】
孤独有可能引发抑郁症等健康问题。现在有一项研究谈到孤独还会扩散。孤独者的朋友产生孤独感的机会比一般人高出52%。这些人的朋友产生孤独感的机会又比常人高25%。
早期发现显示，幸福感、肥胖和戒烟能力也可以像传染病一样在社会群体中传播发展。这些发现均来自美国马萨诸塞州弗明汉镇的一项大型健康研究项目。
这项研究起于1948年，起初只是研究心脏病始因。之后增加了许多测试，包括衡量孤独和抑郁的测试。
第二代弗明汉心脏研究的调查人数超过5000人，有了新的发现。研究者核实了被调查者的交友历史和孤独感的记录。结果形成了一种模式证实密友越少的人越容易传播孤独感。
例如，孤独状态会影响邻里间的关系。邻居之间见面少了关系淡化了，孤独感就会扩散。研究还发现孤独更容易在女人之间传播。
来自芝加哥大学，哈佛大学，圣地亚哥大学和加州大学的研究者对此作过研究。调查结果在上个月的《个性与社会心理期刊》中刊登过。
期刊中写道，普通人每年有48天有孤单感。这项研究还发现多一个孤独的朋友，感觉孤单的日子就会增加17天。但每交一个新朋友就可以减少5%，也就是两天半的孤独的日子。
孤独患者越来越不信任他人，导致交朋友越来越难，越来越容易被社会边缘化。
芝加哥大学的约翰·卡乔波是这项研究的负责人。他认为诊断并医治孤独症是很有意义的事，被社会边缘化的人应接受帮助，修复社交圈。
目的在于以积极主动的态度建立他所谓的封锁孤独的“保护栏”，他说这一保护栏可以使社交网保持完整并防止其破碎。
Passage Two
【文章介绍】
这是一篇说明文，作者主要围绕加利福尼亚州要实行“数字化课本计划”这个新项目而展开。文章首先指出加州要实行的该项目是获得州批准的，接着详细介绍了使用数字化教材的原因和开发该教材的过程，最后指出使用和推广数字化教材是一个渐进的过程。
36. 【答案】D
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 “数字化课本计划”将怎样?
根据文章第一段内容可知，加利福尼亚州第一个批准了数字化教材计划的项目，州长阿诺德·施瓦辛格努力促使学校使用网上可获得的免费教学材料，并列出了有必要使用数字教科书的原因。据此可知，D项“加利福尼亚州长提倡该项目”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“可能在六年内生效”不正确，文中只是说加利福尼亚批准传统教材
书的使用周期为6年。B项“涉及所有的中学科目”不正确，文中第一段只是提及中学数学和科学，不是所有科目。C项“已得到美国各州批准”不正确，文中只是说加利福尼亚州首先实施该项目，并没有涉及其他州。
37. 【答案】A
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 推行数字化教科书的主要原因是什么?
根据文章第二段最后一句：And above all, he said they help schools with their finances. “最重要的是，还帮助学校减轻了经费负担”。因此，A项“有助于节省资金”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“有益于环境”、C项“提供有趣的学习材料”和D项“减轻学生的沉重负担”在文中都有提及，都是推行该项目的原因之一，但不是主要原因，因此都不正确。
38. 【答案】A
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 数字化教科书是由谁审核的?
根据题干的关键词“approved”可定位到第四段的最后一句：Specially trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them. “受过专门培训的教师审核了16本教科书，并通过了其中的10本。” 由此可知，A项“受过培训的教师”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“教材内容开发人员”不正确，教材内容开发人员只是为中学提供数学和科学的数字化教材;C项“科斯拉家族”不正确，它只是资助了一个组织;D项“CK12基金会”不正确，文中说基金会为撰写并编辑这些教材的教师和其他教育专家支付薪酬。
39. 【答案】B
【考点】正误判断
【解析】 关于CK12基金会的说法正确的是哪一项?
根据题干的关键词“CK12 Foundation”可以定位到第五段，说的是基金会为编写并校订这些教材的教师和其他教育专业人员支付薪酬，因此，B项“它给编写数字化教材的老师支付薪酬”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“它编写了16本数字化教科书”不正确，文中说的是内容开发人员为中学提供数学和科学的数字化教材，而不是基金会来编写。C项“它由加州州政府出经费资助”不正确，文章第五段最后一句指明这些资金来源于科斯拉家族资助的一个组织，而不是州政府。D项“基金会通过开发数字教科书获利”不正确，文中的关键词“a nonprofit group” 明确说了该基金会是一个非盈利性的组织。
40. 【答案】C
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 根据苏珊·马蒂莫的观点，数字化教科书会怎么样?
根据文章第七段内容可知，苏珊·马蒂莫说她不期望这些教科书能够立即得到广泛使用。她最好的推测是，一些拥有大量技术设备的学校将会首先采用，但是也只是作为传统教科书的辅助教材。因此，C项“设备完善的学校将会首先采用”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“不可能得到广泛使用”不正确，文中只说不会立即得到广泛使用，并没有说日后也不会广泛使用。B项“将很快代替传统教科书”不正确，文中说数字教科书只是作为传统教科书的辅助教材，没有说很快就会取代。D项“肯定会得到学区的批准”不正确，文中说各学区拥有自主决定权，但没有说各学区一定会批准。
41. 【答案】B
【考点】引申推断
【解析】 从最后一段中可以推知什么内容?
文中最后一段说，学校管理人员指出，这些课本在网上或许是免费的，但学生们需要获取使用这些教材的途径。并非每个人都有电脑或电子阅读器。学校可以将数字教科书打印出来，但是那样不利于环境。而且，培训教师有效地使用数字化教科书也同样需要成本。从中我们可以推断出使用数字化教材并不是真正免费的，因为拥有电脑和电子阅览器以及打印出这些数字化教材都是需要花费的。因此，B项“使用数字教科书并不是真的免费”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“学校不愿意将数字教科书打印出来”不正确，文中只说学校可以打印出来，只是不利于环保，无从推出学校是否愿意打印。C项“学生需要为电脑付费”不正确，文中只是说并非每个人都有电脑或电子阅读器，并没有提及电脑需要付费。D项“培训教师来使用教科书的效率不高”不正确，文中只是说培训教师有效地使用数字教科书也需要成本，但没有说效率不高。
【参考译文】
加利福尼亚出台一个被称为“数字课本倡议”的新项目。“从这个秋天开始，中学数学和科学课程将采用电子教科书。我们将成为美国第一个给学校提供经过州政府的电子教科书的州。”加州州长阿诺德施瓦辛格六月谈到为学校提供网上免费教材的努力是说到。他认为使用电子教科书的意义如下：
加利福尼亚每六年更换一次纸质教材。电子教科书的时效性更强，减少学生书包负荷，节省纸张、减少树木砍伐，学起来也更有趣，互动性更强。最重要的是，可以减少学校经费。
加州由于财务问题一直在大刀阔斧地削减学校开支。州立公立学校的学生超过六百万人。
今年早些时候，加州邀请到负责高校数学和科学课程的电子教材编写者。电子教材必须保证州政府要求的至少90%的学习内容。师资均经过特殊培训，对16本教材进行审核，最终从中选出10本。
CK12基金会选定其中六本出版。这是一家非盈利组织，研发数学科学电子书籍已有2年多历史。基金会付费给教师等教育专业人员撰写书籍。这些资金来自一家科斯拉家族捐助的组织。
加州政府没有权力要求学校使用电子教材。各个学区要自行决定取舍。
加州教育部官员苏珊·马提诺说，她不认为电子教科书可以马上广泛使用。她认为，电子教科书最多只会作为纸质教材的补充，技术配备充足的学校才会作为头批使用者。
学校管理者指出，虽然可以网上免费使用电子教材，但学生需要获得这些教材的途径。不是每个人都有计算机或电子阅读器。学校可以将内容打印出来，但不利于环保。此外，培训教师将电子教材运用得恰到好处也需要费用。
Passage Three
【文章介绍】
这是一篇议论文，作者主要围绕人们对超重的看法、如何减肥并保持健康的正确方法三个方面而展开。文章首先通过英国医生警告人们肥胖时代的到来而指出应如何看待超重，接着比较了18世纪的人们和如今的人们的不同看法，然后分析了减肥的正确方法，最后指出了适度的锻炼有益于身体健康。
43. 【答案】A
【考点】主旨归纳
【解析】 本文主旨。
本文主要论述当今的肥胖问题以及人们如何保持健康的方法。因此A项“如何保持健康和避免肥胖”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“超重的人们面临的不断增加的风险”、C项“在健身房中锻炼的危险”和D项“均衡饮食的益处”都只是文中的具体细节内容，不能概括全文，因此不可选。
44. 【答案】B
【考点】语义推断
【解析】 第一段中出现的“this expanding problem”指的是什么?
根据文章第一段内容可知，英国医生提醒人们一个肥胖时代炸弹的到来，到那时体重已经超重的孩子们都已长大成人。后面又说，英国政府觉得应当为这个正在扩大化的问题负责。由此可知，B项“医生警告的肥胖时代炸弹”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“超重儿童成长缓慢”不正确，文中只是说超重儿童长大时会存在问题，并没有提及超重儿童成长缓慢;C项“锻炼太少，吃的太多”不正确，这恰是肥胖问题产生的原因;D项“政府忽视了健康问题”不正确，文中说政府应该对肥胖问题有所作为，而没有批评之前政府玩忽职守的意思。A、C、D三项的的内容都不是所考查词组的语义。
45. 【答案】D
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 为什么作者提及查尔斯·狄更斯小说里的匹克威克先生?
根据题干的关键词“Mr Pickwick”可以定位到第二段第一句，乐观的匹克威克先生是查尔斯·狄更斯小说里的男主人公，他被看作是那种胖乎乎、乐呵呵的人的例子。据此可知，D项“他是肥胖和快乐的象征”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“他在18世纪的绘画中被描绘”和B项“他是一部世界著名小说里的男主人公”在文中都有提及，但这不是作者提到他的原因，作者的主旨是肥胖问题。C项“他患有心脏病和中风”文中未提及。
46. 【答案】D
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 利阿姆·唐纳德森爵士认为避免肥胖最好的方法是什么?
根据文章第三段的第二句：He says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity cancer and heart disease. “他说体育锻炼是减少罹患肥胖症、癌症和心脏病风险的关键。”由此可知，D项“进行体育活动”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“节食”不是利阿姆·唐纳德森所推荐的做法。B项“戒烟”文章没有提及。C项“尽可能不活动”不正确，这与利阿姆·唐纳德森的观点正好相反。
31. 【答案】B
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 下面哪一项不是健康发展局推荐的保健方法?
根据题干的关键词“the Health Development Agency”可以定位到第四段第三、四句，可以去健身房锻炼吗?对于那些发现跑步机是单调乏味的人来说是幸运的。卫生发展局认为，与人们的生活相适应的体育活动可能更为有效。他们建议人们走楼梯而不是乘坐电梯，从自动扶梯走上去，和孩子们玩一些活跃的游戏，跳跳舞或者做做园艺工作。由此可以看出，健康发展局不赞成去健身房踏跑步机，而且他们列出的建议中也没有包括跑步机。因此B项“去健身房踏跑步机”不属于健康发展局的建议。
【误项排除】A项“从自动扶梯走上去，跳跳舞或者做做园艺工作”、C项“走楼梯而不是乘坐电梯”和D项“和孩子们玩活跃的游戏”都是健康发展局推荐的方法。
32. 【答案】D
【考点】引申推断
【解析】 根据最后一段我们可以推知什么?
文章最后一段指出：因此，我们是不是应该忘记健身房，而听从专家们的建议在日常生活中加强锻炼呢?毕竟，提前一站下车，走完余下的路程不会造成任何伤害!还有最后一个想法：为什么过去的人们在缺乏健身设施的条件下却比现在的人们更苗条、更健康呢?由此我们可以推断出增加日常生活中的锻炼会让我们更健康。因此D项“日常生活中的适度锻炼能使我们更苗条、更健美”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“过多的锻炼可能实际上对健康有害”在文中有提及，但不是最后一段所要传达的意思。B项“不能总是遵循专家的建议”和C项“过去的人们渴望拥有我们现今的健身设备”均与原文不符合。
【参考译文】
超重的孩子长大后，英国医生警示肥胖症是颗随时会引爆的炸弹。那我们该做些甚么呢?多做运动?少进食?还是两手都要抓?政府觉得要担负起问题扩大化的责任。
查理斯狄更斯的小说英雄—欢乐的匹克威克先生，身材富态满面笑容，经常出现在插图中。18世纪的绘画作品视身材丰腴、曲线柔和为美。但现如今，人们并不会认为肥胖是一种快乐的心态或是美的表现。人们看到超重只会想到心脏病或中风的风险提高了。
那怎么办呢?节食?英格兰卫生主管莱姆多纳尔森爵士可没这么说。他说的是运动是降低肥胖症、癌症和心脏病风险的关键。卫生部部长约翰雷德还说过，不运动引发心脏病的风险之大不低于吸烟因素。
那么，买了多功能运动鞋后，该做多少训练呢?莱姆多纳尔森爵士认为，至少一周五天不少于30分钟的适量活动。那不是去健身房就行啦?那些嫌跑步机枯燥的人算有了福音啦，健康发展机构认为，与生活起居相融合的运动才是更有效的。他们建议乘电梯改爬楼梯，沿着自动扶梯往上走，与小孩玩动作游戏，跳舞或栽花植树。运动心理学家毕都教授认为，健身房不会“使整个民族变得强健”，还可能不利健康。
有新的科学证据表明，过多训练可能不利健康。奥尔斯特大学的科学家发现，非常规性训练会排放出危险的辐射物，会影响到肥胖者的正常机能。唯一能规律性地经受这种级别训练的人就只有专业运动员了。
那么，我们要不要将健身房抛之脑后，遵循专家建议加大日常生活中的运动呢?毕竟，提前一站下车走回家肯定不会有什么坏处!再说一点：为什么前几代人没有健身房也比我们苗条健康呢?
Passage Four
【文章介绍】
这是一篇说明文，作者主要围绕比喻的定义和作用而展开。文章首先给出了比喻的定义，接着介绍了比喻的作用，最后通过爱情是玫瑰的这个比喻指出比喻所带来的艺术感和愉悦感。
33. 【答案】A
【考点】名词解释
【解析】 根据文章所述，什么是比喻?
根据题干所问内容可定位到第一段的前两句：A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. 据此可知，A项“对两个不同对象的相似特征进行相似对比”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“将两种不同的事物进行差异对比以创造出生动的形象”不正确，根据文章所述，比喻指的是不同物体的相似对比，而不是差异对比。C项“用诗意的方式来描写两种相似的物体”不正确，与原文不符合。D项“特别用于诗歌创作的一种文学修辞手段”不正确，文中只说比喻是诗歌中的一种修辞手法，并没有说专门用于诗歌创作。
34. 【答案】D
【考点】主旨归纳
【解析】 本文的主题是什么?
文章首段直接给出了比喻的定义：比喻是用来做比较的一种诗意的修辞手法;接着通过爱情是玫瑰的例子说明比喻在诗歌创作中的意义。因此D项“比喻是一种重要的诗意修辞手段”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“玫瑰在诗歌中是是一种美好的意象”和B项“爱情是甜蜜而令人喜悦的”虽然在文中有所提及，但都只是具体描述，不能概括全文。C项“比喻是模棱两可的”文中未提及。
35. 【答案】B
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 从文中可以推知比喻是怎样的?
根据文章第一段的第四句中和文章结尾的最后一句，都说明了比喻可以传达丰富的语义。据此可知，B项“寓意丰富”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“难以理解”、C项“不够精确”和D项“像花朵一样”均不符合原文。
36. 【答案】C
【考点】引申推断
【解析】 根据作者的所表达的，玫瑰的刺意味着什么?
根据题干的关键词“thorns”可以定位到第二段：然而，用玫瑰所作的比喻里还有另一层含义。玫瑰有刺。诗人想传达的想法是玫瑰可能是棘手的。这个比喻告诉我们，爱情也可能如此。据此可知，C项“为爱情这个意象增添了新的元素”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“保护玫瑰不受伤害”和B项“象征衰退了的爱情”文中未提及;D项“代表一个人的情感目标”不正确，不符合原文。
37. 【答案】D
【考点】引申推断
【解析】 爱情是玫瑰这个比喻的含义是什么?
根据题干可以定位到第二段的倒数第四句：“Be careful,” the metaphor warns: Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering. “小心”，这个比喻警告说：爱情是感官的盛宴，但它可能压倒我们，也可能伤害我们，造成巨大的痛苦。据此可知，D项“在体验爱情时既有美好也有伤害”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“爱情是一种真正的喜悦”只指出该比喻的部分含义。B项“真正的爱情一生只有一次”和C项“爱情不会长久”文中都未提及。
38. 【答案】C
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 根据文中所述，诗人创作诗歌的目的是什么?
通过文章第一段的最后两句可知，诗人创作诗歌来表达他们当时的情感，从而让读者体验并感受这种情感。据此可知，C项“表达诗人的思想”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“释放愤怒”、B项“娱乐读者”和D项“满足感官感觉”均与原文表述不符。
【参考译文】
比喻是用来做比较的一种诗意的修辞手法。它被用来对比两个不同事物的相同特点。通过一个简单的比喻，就可以将一种事物变成另外一种事物，比如：爱情是玫瑰。虽然这个比喻听起来不像一个独特的且有意义的意象，但一个比喻可以把一个特定的意象表现的非常丰富，因而诗人们运用比喻比其它修辞手法都要多。其原因在于诗人们在创作诗歌时是想表达他们在当时所经历的情感。因此，诗人想象的爱可能是也可能不是我们感受到的爱。因此，诗人的工作就是使我们能像他们一样体验并感受这种情感。
让我们来分析这个有关爱情与玫瑰的非常简单的比喻，看看比喻能带给我们什么。因为诗人是用玫瑰来做对比，我们首先必须分析这种花的特性。玫瑰的美是引人人胜的，它的花瓣纤细柔软，它的芳香令人心旷神怡。人们可能会说玫瑰实际上就是一场视觉、触觉和嗅觉的盛宴。玫瑰的外观似乎近于完美，每朵花瓣的形状看上去都是对称的。这难道不就是一个人的爱情表达方式么?被爱的人应该给对方感觉上的愉悦，并且似乎是完美的。然而，用玫瑰所作的比喻里还有另一层含义。玫瑰有刺。诗人想传达的想法是玫瑰可能是棘手的。这个比喻告诉我们，爱情也可能如此。当一个人带着绝对的信任伸手去触摸他或她的情感目标时，哎哟，一根刺可能造成巨大的伤害!“小心”，这个比喻警告说：爱情是感官的盛宴，但它可能压倒我们，也可能伤害我们，造成巨大的痛苦。这是这位诗人对爱情的理解—一个劝诫。这有什么意义呢?那就是：这个简单的比喻只用了4个单词却阐明了几乎需要用14个句子才能传达的语义。这就是一个简单的比喻所带来的艺术感和乐趣。
Passage Five
【文章介绍】
这是一篇书评，作者主要介绍了随着美国医疗保健的改革，越来越多的人寻求并接受医疗数字化的医疗保健方式。文章首先介绍了这一改革使得大量的美国居民成为美国医疗保健系统的常规用户，接着详细介绍了医疗资料数字化的具体实施以及带来的利与弊，最后指出医疗数字化的重要意义。
39. 【答案】A
【考点】主旨归纳
【解析】 下面哪一项可以作为本文的最佳标题?
文章首先介绍了医疗改革使得大量的美国居民成为美国医疗保健系统的常规用户，接着详细介绍了医疗资料数字化的具体实施以及带来的利与弊，最后指出医疗数字化的重要意义。据此可知，A项“你的医疗数据的未来”为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项“医生和医院面临的挑战”、C项“美国医疗保健改革的益处”和D项“如何获取并共享你的健康信息”均属于局部信息，都不能概括本文主题。
40. 【答案】D
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 将患者的信息放在数据库里和因特网上会怎样?
根据题干的关键词“databases and online”可定位到第一段的最后两句：But putting people’s health information in databases and online is going to do more than simply reduce redundancies. It is already shifting the very way we seek and receive health care. “但是将人们的健康信息放到数据库和因特网上不只是简化程序，提高效率也改变人们求医治病的方式”。因此D项“改变了人们寻求并接受医疗保健的方式”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“使更多的美国人加人医疗保健系统”不正确，这不是题干––将患者的信息入在数据库里和因特网上引起的。B项“有助于医疗改革的通过”颠倒了原文中的因果关系。C项“增加了美国医疗保健体系的负担”不正确，与原文表达的减少冗余正好相反。
41. 【答案】C
【考点】细节推断
【解析】 根据约翰·戈麦斯所述，很多病人利用社交网站做什么?
根据题干的关键词“John Gomez”可定位到第二段，可知无数的患者利用社交网站来分享关于健康状况、治疗方式和医生相关的信息。因此C项“分享自己的医疗保健信息”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“改变他们的社会交往”文中未提及。B项“上传他们最近的CT扫描图像”不正确，与原文意思想相悖。D项“展示他们孩子最近的照片”不正确，文中说的是很多父母将他们孩子的超声波图象上传在网上而不是展示孩子的照片。
42. 【答案】B
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 下面哪一项不是使医生和病人的传统角色发生改变的原因?
根据题干的关键词“the traditional roles”可以定位到第三段，该段说随着越来越容易获取个人的健康信息––不管是通过正式的电子医疗记录、自创的个人健康记录，还是以速传短信的方式与医生快速交流的谈话—医生和病人的传统角色正在迅速转变。”据此可知，B项“更容易获取网上的信息”不是使医生和病人的传统角色发生改变的原因，故B项为正确答案。
【误项排除】根据文章第三段内容可知，A项“正式的电子医疗记录”、C项“自创的个人健康记录”和D项“用速传短信的方式与医生快速交流的谈话”都是文章所涉及的。
43. 【答案】C
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 根据尼图·卡施亚普所述，未来更多的患者将会如何做?
根据第四段所说：更多的人会直接跳过去医院看病的这一过程，而是发送文字信息或者电子邮件给他们的医疗服务人员，或查阅个人健康记录或者咨询智能手机应用系统来解答他们的问题。据此可知，C项“省去到诊所和医院看病这一过程”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“拒绝遵循医生的建议”和B项“更加依赖他们的医生”文中都未提及;D项“通过电子邮件来让人给自己做健康状况的检查”不正确，文中说的是通过电子邮件给他们的医疗服务人员来解答他们的问题。
44. 【答案】D
【考点】细节判断
【解析】 下面哪一项符合文中陈述的内容?
文中第五段所述：已经在全国范围内开始使用电子医疗记录的转变强化了这些变化。尽管美国大多数的医院和诊所仍在努力着手这种转变，但很多病人已经拥有电子医疗记录—有些病人甚至可以获得部分记录。据此可知，D项“病人正开始使用他们的电子医疗记录”为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项“全国范围内的医疗数据数字化将很快开始”不正确，文中说的是已经开始了。B项“美国大多数的医院和医生反对向电子医疗记录转变”不正确，文中说的是美国大多数的医院和诊所仍在努力着手这种转变，而不是反对。C项“病人担忧其健康信息的安全问题”文中未提及。
【参考译文】
由于通过了卫生保健改革后，美国卫生保健系统未来几年的新增居民用户人数预计会达到2300万。医疗数据电子化可以应对病人突增、系统负荷，一直受到推崇。但是将人们的健康信息放到数据库和因特网上不只是简化程序，提高效率也改变人们求医治病的方式。
“医疗保健的社会力量正发生变化”，易科利普斯(某医疗信息技术公司)的副总约翰戈麦斯说。大部分病人或许还不愿意在Facebook上分享最近的CT扫描图，他指出，但有很多家长张贴宝宝的超声波图，现在使用社交网站分享病情、治疗和医生信息的病人不计其数。
通过正式的电子医疗记录、自建的个人健康记录或即时消息询医，获取个人的健康信息越来越便捷，传统的医患角色正经历迅速的变化。
“据我们所了解，卫生保健一直都是“见医生、开处方、吃药”，耶鲁大学医疗信息中心的医生兼研究者尼图·卡什亚普说。现在的人到医院或诊所看病前都会查看以往的看病历、最新的测试结果以及与自身健康相关的文章。而且现在越来越多的人不再登门拜访医生，直接向医保提供者发短信或邮件，或查阅个人健康记录或智能手机应用程序解答问题。
全国已经开始建立电子医疗记录，大大推动了看病就医方式的转变。尽管美国大部分医院和诊所还在艰难地改革就医制度，许多病人已经设立电子医疗记录，有些人甚至有查询权限。克利夫兰诊所和德克萨斯大学达拉斯西南医疗中心等机构的My Chart项目是一个网站门户，求医者可以浏览基本的医疗信息和某些测试结果。
医疗数据正在获得一个数字化的新生命，从而推动了“治病就医方式的根本性变革”，戈麦斯说到。
Part IV Cloze
【文章介绍】
本文主要介绍在风靡于全英国的一种婚介方式：速配。作者首先直接提出主题，接着介绍了速配的过程，然后证明速配存在的合理性和有效性，从而得出该活动是有利无害的。
45. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义及借词和动词的搭配辨析。
【解析】动词sweep：扫荡，因而sweep across：席卷，遍及，强调范围广，因此选B。
【误项排除】sweep off 扫去，大量清除，sweep over和sweep through都有袭击，(风等)刮起;席卷的意思，指稳定而强有力地快速运动，都与文意不符合。
46. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】该处需填的是谓语动词，宾语是men and women，根据原文可知men and women是speed dating的参加者，因此D项involve：包括，涉及，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项require：需要，要求、B项inquire：询问、查究和C项revolve：旋转，不符合原文。
47. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】根据原文，参加速配的人是为了找到可能的伴侣。而partner：伴侣，伙伴，也可以夫妻或性伙伴，故A项为正确答案。
【误项排除】B项spouse：配偶(指夫或妻)、C项friend：朋友和D项counterpart：对应的人或物，都不符合文意。
48. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和形容词词义辨析。
【解析】根据第一段可知速配在英国非常流行，因此可以推知这种约会方式应该是受欢迎的，因此B项popular：受欢迎的，流行的，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项practical：实际的，实践的，C项favorable：赞成的，有利的和D项normal：正常的，标准的，都与文意不符合。
49. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和短语辨析。
【解析】根据文中所填词后面的a member，可知速配中的交谈是—对一的。而one on one：一对一的，故C为正确答案。
【误项排除】all in one：合在一起，一致，one after one：一个接一个，one and all：大家，人人，都不符合文意。
50. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】根据所填词的主语bell，而铃声响起要用ring。故D为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项knock：敲，击，打，B项shake：颤抖，摇动和C项swing：摇摆，摆动，都与文意不符合。
51. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和动词词义辨析。
【解析】根据所填词的下一句中说如果其他人也喜欢你，据此可以推知所填处意为如果你喜欢那个人，因此D项fancy：喜欢，喜爱，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项attract：吸引，B项enjoy：享受和C项chase：追赶，追求，都不符合文意。
52. 【答案】A
【考点】考查上下文语义和副词词义辨析。
【解析】根据所填词后面的on a card，此处是指把自己的意向写在卡片。write down：写下，可以推知A为正确答案。
【误项排除】write off：取消，勾销，注销;write up：把……写成文，详细描写，write back： 写回信，都与文意不符合。
53. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和由work所构成的动词短语辨析。
【解析】本句意是三分钟的时间是否足以给对方留下印象并确定自己是否想再次看到的那个人。work out：解决，算出，实现，与文意相符，故选B。
【误项排除】work on和work at都表示从事于，努力做，work up：激起，引起，都与文意不符。
54. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】根据速配择偶的语境，这里指的是男女双方之间的感觉。因此C项chemistry(指两人之间强烈的相互吸引的感觉)为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项emotion：情感，B项sentiment：多愁善感，情绪，D项attachment：情感，爱慕，都与文意不符合。
55. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和从句引导词的辨析。
【解析】所填词需在句中既要引导名词性从句，又要作介词about的宾语。而what既可引导名词性从句，还可在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语等，故选B。
【误项排除】其它三项与原文句意不符合，因此不正确。
56. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和能与make搭配的名词词义辨析。
【解析】根据速配的语境，这里指的是在速配活动中对所见的人做出正确的判断。因此，make a judgment：做出判断，故选D。
【误项排除】make a conclusion：总结，make a reflection：反思，make a guess：猜测，推测，都与文意不符合。
57. 【答案】B
【考点】考查上下文语义和短语辨析。
【解析】根据后一句人们说爱情是急不来的，可以推知，因此B项after all：终于，毕竟，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项in all：总之，合计，C项of all：在所有的……当中，D项and all放在句末，意为等等，都与文意不符合。
58. 【答案】D
【考点】考查上下文语义和名词词义辨析。
【解析】此处所填词是作介词on的宾语，根据句意如果你是想找合适自己的对象，因此D项mission：使命，任务，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项tour：旅行，B项route：路线，路程和C项direction：方向，指导，都与文意不符合。
59. 【答案】C
【考点】考查上下文语义和短语辨析。
【解析】根据所填词前面所讲的：你又能有什么损失呢和后面一句：但最好的结果却是……，据此可以推知，C项at worst：在最坏的情况下，为正确答案。
【误项排除】A项at last：最后;终于，B项at first：首先，起先，C项at end：终结，都与文意不符合。
【参考译文】
单身的你是不是无暇寻找爱情?那么可以试试风靡英国，当前最新的相亲方式——火速配对。
火速配对指的是男男女女同在一室，在三分钟的时间内尽可能的了解对方。事实证明这种方式非常受年轻人欢迎，这些年轻人平时没有时间找结婚伴侣。
进行火速相亲时，与某个异性你只有三分钟时间进行交谈，要这样一个接一个的进行下去。铃声一响，你就要与另一个人开始。交谈一晚上下来，你总共能与20名异性相识相知。
要是交谈后看上某个人，或想继续见面的话，你可以把对方姓名写在一个卡片上。如果有人看上你了，主办方会与你联系，告知他们的信息。
但想要大致了解一个人，判断是否要进一步相识，三分钟的时间是不是太短了?研究表明，一见钟情这种事见面头30秒就可以判断，火速配对就是基于这个道理。
这种相亲方式是不是缺少浪漫呢?如此短的时间能做出正确的判断吗?毕竟人们常说，谈恋爱这事不能急着来。虽说至此，火速相亲活动很快就要有第一对新人喜结连理了。
如果你下定决心要找出另一半，如果失败了，结局会怎样呢?最坏的情况是自己还得独自回家。最好的情况是，你的梦中情人距离你只有三分钟之遥。
Paper Two 试卷二
Part I Translation
【参考译文】
Section A
生态系统是指生活在某一特定区域、相互作用并与环境相互影响的的动植物群落，包括物理和化学要素，如土壤、水分和营养物，以维持该地区生物生长。大型动物和微型细菌都属于有机体的范围之内。也可以将生态系统看作是特定区域内所有有机体的相互影响，比如物种之间的食物链关系。生活与工作于生态系统中的人类也是生态系统的组成部分。只有认真规划好民用和商用土地开发，来保护和维持当地生态平衡，才能遏制人类活动对生态系统的伤害和破坏。
Section B
As a new trend of economic and social development, globalization has brought opportunities as well as challenges to China. On one hand, China is becoming the centre of the world manufacture industry and is playing an increasingly important role in the international stage. On the other hand, we are facing the problem on how to develop the economy and sustain the excellent cultural tradition in the course of globalization.
Part II Writing
参考范文
Never Give up
After reading the short story above, I am deeply encouraged by the great historian Claire’s strong willpower. When he was faced with the fact that his original manuscript was ruined and no other copies were retained, instead of frustration and anger, he soon decided to rewrite and refine the book with perseverance, and at last completed the well-known writing French Revolution History. Claire’s inspiring experience tells us “whatever the difficulty is, never give up”.
There is no doubt that there are many kinds of difficulties and troubles in one’s whole life. When confronted with the unfortunate things, from my perspective, we should take correct and positive attitude toward it. It is useless to complain about the problem, and the best way to overcome the trouble is to take actions to solve it and never give up. Just as the instructive story shows us that positive attitude and strong willpower play a critical role in the pursuit of success. It is hard to imagine that the author would persist in writing his book after suffering such a heavy strike if without both of them.
From what have been discussed above, I am convinced that no matter what difficulty we meet, strong will and never giving-up can help us to conquer all the difficulties and finally enable you to succeed.
