在职联考GCT英语考试知识点:时态
一、一般现在时
1、表示已经预先计划或安排好的肯定将要发生的动作,主要用于be, come, go, start, begin, 1eave, return, end, stop, open, take place等瞬间动词,句中常有表示将来的时间状语。
2、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示将来的动作。
例: The match takes place next Monday.
/ I will not go shopping, if it rains.
二、现在进行时
1、表示最近按计划或安排要做的事,往往有表示未来的时间状语。 能够这样用的动词有: arrive, come, leave, return, start, work, play, have等。
2、与always, constantly, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在出状态,往往带有说话人的感情色彩。 3、在时间、条件从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
例:We are leaving on Friday.
/ He is constantly leaving his things about. 他老是乱扔东西。
/ Don’t interrupt him if he is reading.
三、现在完成时
1、将来完成用法:用于时间、条件状语从句中,说明将来某时刻以前动作完成的情况。
2、用在固定结构中:往往是在定语从句中。
3、(1) “must + 完成式”表示过去必定发生过的事情,是对发生在过去的一种行为的推测。
(2)“should (或ought to) + 完成式”表示一个应该在过去做,而没有做的动作,它往往带有埋怨和后悔的情绪。
例: I’ll go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
/ It’s (will be) the first time I have been there.
【备注】
表示瞬间行为动词come, join, finish, marry, return等不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,只能用系动词加表语结构来代替。
例: He has been back for over a week. (不能用has come back)
/ I have been in the army for three years. (不能用have joined)
since “自从…以来”;for表示时间,从过去开始延续至今,它们都是现在完成时的典型信号词。
句子中有表示过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last week,in 1990,ago)时,不能使用现在完成时要用过去时态。
四、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去,通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
例: All the morning,for hours,since this morning…
/ They have been watching television for two hours.
/ He has been writing letters since this morning.
五、 过去完成时
1、过去完成时,表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成的动作。即”过去的过去”。常用的信号词有by(到……时候为止),before等介词短语,或用unless,when,after,once,as soon as等连词引起的表示到过去某一时间为止的时间状语来表示。
2、过去完成时常用在”no sooner…than”,和”hardly…when (before)”等句型的主句中,从句中常用一般过去时。
例:By the end of last year,I had worked in this college for ten years.
/ No sooner had he finished his performance than the audience began to cheer.
(=He had no sooner…than…) (他刚表演完观众就喝采)
六、其它要注意的时态
1、be going to口语中常用,表示最近打箅要做的事情;根据某种迹象表明可能要发生的事情。
例:What are you going to do this evening?
/ Look at the cloud. It is going to rain.
2、过去将来时,多见于主句谓语动足一般过去时的宾语从句中。
例:He said that he would get married soon.
3、过去进行时主要用法之一是描述一件事发生的背景,往往在一个动作发生的过程中,突然发生第二个戏剧性的动作。第二个戏剧性动作为一般过去时,由when或while引出,意为”此时”。
有二种句型:
My pother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
/ Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.
/ Someone knocked at the door while I was taking a shower.
/ Just as I was opening the door,the telephone rang.
4、如果两个动作都引人注目且同时发生,并没有一个比另一个更形象、更主要时,那么两个动作都可以用过去进行时。
例:My husband was reading while I was cooking.
七、有些动词以主动形式出现,却有被动含义
例:The knife cuts well. / Nylon underwear washes easily. 尼龙内衣容易洗
/ The novels written by the young man sell well.那个年青人写的小说销路好
/ This ball-pen writes in four colours. 这支园珠笔可以写出四种颜色
/ The note reads as follows”…”. 字条上写着:”……”。
八、短语动词构成的被动语态中,介词或副词不可省略
例:More schools and hospitals will be set up in the near future.
/ The old woman has been operated on. (这位老妇人已经动过了手术)
/ The purse was picked up and handed to the police.
此外,固定搭配 “动词 + 名词 + 介词” 习语中,介词也不能省掉。
Time must be made good use of. / Less clever children should not be made fun of.
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